Korea’s Resource Circulation New Policy: Leading the Way in Asia-Pacific Green Economic Transformation

With increasing global environmental pressures, South Korea has taken the lead in establishing a comprehensive resource circulation system in the Asia-Pacific region. The full implementation of the “Resource Circulation Basic Act” has not only injected new momentum into Korea’s economy but also set an example of resource circulation management for the Asia-Pacific region. According to data from the Korean Ministry of Environment, in 2023, Korea’s resource circulation industry scale reached 156 trillion won, a 35% increase from 2020, creating over 420,000 jobs. This article provides an in-depth analysis of Korea’s resource circulation system’s operating mechanisms to help enterprises seize market opportunities.

Overview of Korea’s Resource Circulation System

1.1 Policy Evolution Process

Korea’s resource circulation policy has gone through three important development stages. The first stage began in 1992 when Korea promulgated the “Waste Management Act,” establishing the basic framework for waste management. This stage mainly focused on end-of-pipe treatment, addressing environmental pollution through standardized waste collection, transportation, and processing. During this period, Korea established a household waste classification system and began promoting standardized construction of landfills and incineration facilities.

The second stage was from 2003 to 2017, when Korea implemented the “Resource Circulation Promotion Act,” shifting policy focus from end-of-pipe treatment to whole-process management. This stage introduced the Extended Producer Responsibility system, requiring producers of electronics, packaging materials, and other products to assume recycling responsibilities. Meanwhile, the Korean government established a resource circulation industry development fund to provide financial support for circular economy projects. By 2017, Korea’s resource recycling rate increased from 45% in 2003 to 69%.

The third stage is from 2018 to present, marked by the implementation of the “Resource Circulation Basic Act.” This law established a “zero waste” goal, requiring an 82% recyclable utilization rate and landfill disposal rate below 3% by 2030. The law also innovatively proposed the concept of “circular resources,” redefining waste as usable resources to promote economic development transformation.

1.2 Legal Framework System

Korea’s resource circulation legal system has formed a complete framework with the “Resource Circulation Basic Act” as the guide and specific laws as support. The “Resource Circulation Basic Act” serves as the top-level design, stipulating basic principles, management systems, and institutional frameworks. Based on this, specific laws such as the “Waste Management Act,” “Resource Circulation Promotion Act,” and “Packaging Material Resource Circulation Act” establish specific regulations for different fields.

Notably, Korea has also supported resource circulation development through supporting laws such as the “Green Procurement Promotion Act” and “Environmental Technology Development Support Act” from market demand and technological innovation perspectives. The 2023 revised “Resource Circulation Basic Act Implementation Rules” further detailed various requirements, adding new requirements for carbon reduction and plastic pollution prevention, making the legal system more comprehensive.

1.3 Management Institution Responsibilities

Korea has established a multi-level collaborative resource circulation management system. The Ministry of Environment is responsible for policy-making and supervision, with a Resource Circulation Bureau specifically coordinating related work. The Korea Environmental Industry & Technology Institute (KEITI) is responsible for technical standard setting and assessment certification. Local governments develop implementation plans based on regional characteristics and are responsible for specific execution and supervision.

To strengthen coordination, Korea established the Resource Circulation Policy Coordination Committee, chaired by the Minister of Environment, with members including relevant department heads and expert representatives. In 2023, the committee promoted the establishment of a cross-department joint law enforcement mechanism, increasing efforts to combat illegal activities. Meanwhile, the Korea Resource Circulation Information Center uniformly manages data information, achieving full-process traceability.

Key Industry Implementation Requirements

2.1 Electronics Industry Circulation Targets

The electronics industry is a key area of Korea’s resource circulation management. According to the “Electronics Resource Circulation Act” revised by the Korean Ministry of Environment in 2023, detailed recycling rate requirements for different product categories were specified. Large home appliances like refrigerators and washing machines require an 85% recycling rate, air conditioners 80%, and televisions 78%. For mobile devices, smartphones require a minimum 75% overall recycling rate, with 98% for copper, 99% for gold, and 95% for rare metals like palladium and silver. Small appliances like irons and hair dryers require a 70% recycling rate.

Manufacturing enterprises must comply with 12 specific requirements of the “Easy Disassembly Design Guidelines” at the product design stage, including: reducing component types, adopting modular structures, marking material composition, and providing disassembly instructions. In 2023, Korean electronics manufacturers’ environmental protection investment in product design reached 3.2 trillion won, an 18.5% increase from the previous year. Companies must also equip professional recycling teams and establish recycling points covering sales areas, with at least one standardized recycling station per 100,000 population.

Korea’s electronics recycling work has achieved remarkable results. In 2023, the total national e-waste recycling volume reached 385,000 tons, including 213,000 tons of large appliances, 48,000 tons of mobile devices, and 124,000 tons of small appliances. Recycling treatment enterprises increased from 650 in 2020 to 860 in 2023, employing over 25,000 people. The overall industrial output value of recycling enterprises reached 4.2 trillion won, a 15.6% year-on-year increase.

Samsung Electronics has established 1,200 recycling points nationwide and invested 28 billion won in building an intelligent dismantling center in Gyeonggi Province, with a daily processing capacity of 200 tons. LG Electronics has established 15 regional recycling centers nationwide, using AI recognition and robotic dismantling technology, achieving a material recovery rate exceeding 93%. Korea Electronics’ circular industry park in Busan has gathered over 50 upstream and downstream enterprises, forming a complete recycling industry chain.

Innovative recycling models continue to emerge. The “trade-in” project recycled 1.56 million electronic products in 2023, a 23% increase from the previous year. Products with extended life through repair reached 850,000 units, creating economic value of approximately 1.2 trillion won. The second-hand electronics trading platform’s daily transaction volume exceeded 30,000 units, with a transaction value of 850 billion won.

2.2 Packaging Material Industry Circulation Management

The packaging material circulation management system is increasingly improving. According to the “Packaging Material Recycling Act” revised in 2023, clear recycling targets for 2025 were set: 70% for plastic packaging (85% for PET bottles), 85% for paper packaging, 90% for metal packaging, and 95% for glass packaging. The use of materials difficult to recycle such as PVC and polyvinyl chloride is prohibited, and composite materials usage must not exceed 5%. The proportion of biodegradable materials must reach above 15%.

Packaging reduction requirements have been further increased. By the end of 2024, food packaging void rate must not exceed 20%, and cosmetic packaging void rate must not exceed 35%. Excessive packaging will be subject to fines up to 20 million won. In 2023, national packaging material usage decreased by 15.6% compared to 2020, reducing packaging waste by 425,000 tons.

Packaging enterprises must pay recycling contribution fees according to the “polluter pays” principle. The 2023 contribution fee collection standards are: 350 won per kilogram for plastic packaging, 120 won per kilogram for paper packaging, and 200 won per kilogram for metal packaging. The annual total contribution fee collected was 1.2 trillion won, a 25% year-on-year increase. These funds are mainly used for: recycling facility construction subsidies (45%), technology R&D support (25%), recycling enterprise operation subsidies (20%), and publicity education (10%).

Retail terminal recycling responsibilities continue to strengthen. Large supermarkets must install smart recycling machines that can automatically identify and classify packaging waste. In 2023, 28,600 recycling machines were installed nationwide, recycling 528,000 tons of packaging waste. Shopping malls must provide reusable shopping bags to consumers, with disposable plastic bag usage decreasing by 85% compared to 2020. Packaging recycling demonstration stores receive government subsidies, with 1,560 demonstration stores certified in 2023.

2.3 Construction Industry Resource Recovery

Construction waste resource utilization has achieved significant results. Korea’s “Construction Waste Management Act” requires projects with construction costs exceeding 100 million won to develop detailed resource circulation plans. Plans should include: waste generation volume prediction, classification schemes, disposal paths, and recycling targets. Large demolition projects must adopt the “hierarchical classification demolition method,” classifying demolition according to pollution levels and recovery value.

In 2023, Korea’s construction waste recycling rate reached 97%, leading globally. The annual construction waste generation was 85.6 million tons, including 58.3 million tons of concrete waste, 9.8 million tons of asphalt waste, 4.2 million tons of wood waste, and 13.3 million tons of others. Through resource processing, 45 million tons of recycled aggregate, 8.5 million tons of recycled asphalt, and 3.8 million tons of recycled wood were produced.

The application fields of recycled aggregate continue to expand. Government engineering projects must use no less than 30% recycled aggregate, with some municipal projects requiring 50%. Korea has established a three-level recycled aggregate certification system: Level 1 can be used for building main structures, Level 2 for infrastructure, and Level 3 for backfill. In 2023, there were 185 certified recycled aggregate production enterprises, with a product qualification rate of 96.8%.

Certified recycled aggregate products can enjoy VAT reduction and government procurement preferences. In 2023, recycled aggregate usage reached 28 million tons in road engineering, 8.5 million tons in municipal engineering, 6.5 million tons in landscape gardening, and 2 million tons in other fields. The recycled aggregate industry’s annual output value reached 1.8 trillion won, driving employment of 28,000 people.

2.4 Automotive Industry Recycling

The vehicle end-of-life recycling system continues to improve. According to regulations, automobile manufacturers must include recycling treatment funds in new car prices, ranging from 150,000 to 250,000 won per vehicle. The funds support the construction of end-of-life vehicle recycling networks and treatment facility upgrades. In 2023, Korea’s end-of-life vehicle recycling volume reached 850,000 units, with an average vehicle age of 15.2 years and a recycling rate of 95%.

Professional dismantling enterprises use standardized processes for harmless treatment and resource recovery of end-of-life vehicles. In 2023, 385,000 tons of metal materials, 82,000 tons of plastic materials, 35,000 tons of glass materials, and 18,000 tons of other materials were recovered, creating economic benefits of approximately 850 billion won. Large processing enterprises equipped with robotic dismantling systems achieve material recovery rates exceeding 98%.

The parts remanufacturing industry is developing rapidly. Korea allows remanufacturing of 45 types of auto parts, including engines, transmissions, starters, and generators. Remanufactured products must undergo performance testing, with quality standards no less than 85% of new parts, generally priced at 50-60% of new parts. In 2023, remanufactured parts sales reached 1.2 trillion won, a 16.8% year-on-year increase.

The remanufacturing industry drives related enterprise development. Professional remanufacturing enterprises increased from 380 in 2020 to 520 in 2023, employing over 15,000 people. Vehicle manufacturers like Hyundai Motor are also developing remanufacturing businesses, establishing dedicated technology R&D centers. In 2023, automotive remanufacturing-related patent applications reached 850, with technology levels entering global top ranks.

2.5 Chemical Industry Circulation Standards

Chemical industry recycling requirements continue to increase. The new “Chemical Industry Clean Production Standards” specifies that enterprises must establish material balance accounting systems to monitor real-time indicators such as solvent recovery rates and catalyst reuse rates in production processes. In 2023, chemical industry resource circulation investment reached 2.8 trillion won, including 1.5 trillion won for clean production transformation and 1.3 trillion won for recycling facility construction.

Key chemical enterprises have achieved significant recycling results. SK Chemical achieved a 92% solvent recovery rate, saving 28 billion won in annual raw material costs. LG Chemical achieved 8-12 times catalyst reuse, 50% higher than traditional processes. Hanwha Group’s developed membrane separation technology can recover 95% of chemicals from industrial wastewater. In 2023, the chemical industry saved raw material value of 1.8 trillion won through recycling.

Plastic recycling is a top priority. Korea plans to increase the plastic recycling rate from the current 59% to 70% by 2025. Production and use of single-use plastic products are prohibited, with violating enterprises facing fines up to 100 million won. Chemical enterprises are increasing chemical recycling technology R&D, using pyrolysis, gasification, and other methods to convert waste plastics into chemical raw materials. In 2023, chemical recycling plastic production reached 850,000 tons, accounting for 28% of total plastic recycling.

Plastic recycling industrial park construction is accelerating. Korea is building 5 plastic recycling demonstration parks in places like Ulsan, introducing 120 enterprises to form complete industry chains from recycling to sorting, regeneration, and utilization. Parks are equipped with analysis testing centers and technology innovation platforms to promote industry-university-research cooperation. In 2023, demonstration parks achieved output value of 3.2 trillion won, driving employment of 18,000 people. The application of chemically recycled plastics in fields like chemical fibers and packaging continues to expand, significantly increasing product added value.

Enterprise Compliance Management Focus

3.1 Extended Producer Responsibility System

Korea’s Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) system has achieved significant results. According to the “Resource Circulation Basic Act” revised in 2023, producers must fully assume environmental responsibility throughout the product lifecycle. Responsibility scope covers product design optimization, raw material selection, production process control, usage guidance, and post-disposal recycling treatment. In 2023, the Korean Ministry of Environment expanded EPR responsibility from 18 to 27 product categories, adding 9 categories including textiles, furniture, building materials, batteries, and packaging materials.

Specific compliance requirements vary by industry. Electronics industry manufacturers must ensure product recyclability of no less than 75% and reserve disassembly interfaces at the design stage. The packaging industry requires enterprises to adopt single-material designs and avoid composite materials. Automobile industry manufacturers must establish complete component traceability systems for later recycling treatment. The textile industry added recycled fiber usage quotas, requiring 15% by 2025.

Enterprises must submit detailed compliance reports to the Ministry of Environment annually, including: product production data, material usage, recycling system construction, processor directory, recycling volume statistics, and circulation utilization methods. In 2023, 12,360 enterprises nationwide submitted compliance reports, with 96.5% achieving specified recycling targets. Non-compliant enterprises were fined a total of 8.2 billion won.

Producers can fulfill responsibilities through various methods. Large enterprises generally choose to build their own recycling systems, like Samsung Electronics establishing 1,200 recycling points nationwide with professional recycling fleets and processing facilities. Small and medium enterprises tend to entrust professional institutions for compliance representation, with 15 qualified compliance agencies in Korea currently serving over 8,500 enterprises. Agency fees are determined by product category and quantity, with total agency business reaching 1.8 trillion won in 2023.

To reduce compliance costs, many enterprises have formed recycling alliances. For example, the “Korea Electronics Recycling Alliance” was established, integrating recycling networks of 280 enterprises and sharing sorting centers and processing facilities. The alliance uniformly sets recycling standards and develops information platforms for efficient resource utilization. In 2023, alliance enterprises recycled 186,000 tons of electronic waste, saving processing costs of about 250 billion won.

3.2 Circular Certification System

South Korea has established a comprehensive resource circulation certification system, managed by the Korea Environmental Industry & Technology Institute (KEITI). The certification system includes three levels: standard setting, assessment certification, and supervision management. By the end of 2023, 156 circular certification standards had been issued, covering product design, production processes, recycling technologies, and service models. The number of certified enterprises nationwide reached 2,835, a 65% increase compared to 2020.

Certifications are divided into four categories: Circular Design Certification focuses on the product development stage, examining indicators such as disassembly potential, material selection, and service life; Recycled Material Product Certification focuses on recycled material usage ratios and product performance; Circular Process Certification evaluates resource utilization efficiency in production; and Circular Service Certification targets recycling, maintenance, and other service sectors. In 2023, “Carbon Footprint Certification” was added, incorporating carbon reduction effects into the evaluation system.

Taking recycled material product certification as an example, strict entry conditions must be met: The proportion of recycled materials must comply with product category requirements, generally between 30-50%; product performance indicators must not be less than 90% of corresponding national standards; environmental safety assessments must be passed with strict control of heavy metals and other harmful substances; enterprises must establish raw material traceability and quality management systems.

The certification process includes: material testing, document review, on-site assessment, expert review, public announcement, and certificate issuance, typically taking 3-6 months to complete. Certification is valid for 3 years, with annual inspections and random checks during this period. If quality issues or violations are discovered, certification will be revoked. In 2023, 86 enterprises had their certifications revoked, and 235 enterprises were ordered to implement corrections.

Certified enterprises can enjoy multiple preferential policies: VAT reduction of 5-15%, corporate income tax benefits, government procurement advantages, and special funding support. In 2023, certified product sales reached 23 trillion won, a 28% year-on-year increase. The certification system has driven the development of upstream recycled material production and downstream application markets, forming a complete circular industry chain.

3.3 Information Reporting Requirements

The enterprise information reporting system has been continuously improved to achieve full traceability. Manufacturing enterprises must report quarterly to the Ministry of Environment: product output and sales, raw material composition, packaging material usage, waste generation and treatment methods. Recycling enterprises must record in real-time through online systems: recycling material sources, quantities, sorting methods, treatment processes, and recycled product destinations. Treatment facilities must install online monitoring systems for 24-hour emission data collection.

In 2023, South Korea launched the “Resource Circulation Comprehensive Management System” (K-recycling System), achieving online data reporting and real-time monitoring. The system features intelligent early warning functionality, automatically alerting abnormal data. Through big data analysis, it can track material flows and evaluate circulation efficiency. The system connects 15,600 enterprises with daily data processing exceeding 1 million entries.

Information transparency requirements have significantly increased. Enterprises must clearly label product packaging with: material composition and proportions, recycling classification guidelines, and recycled material usage information. Packaging labels must use standardized symbols for consumer recognition. Violations of labeling regulations incur fines up to 20 million won. In 2023, 860 cases of labeling violations were investigated.

Large enterprises must also regularly publish resource circulation reports, disclosing environmental responsibility fulfillment. Report contents include: circular goal achievement, reduction effectiveness, circular technology innovation, and environmental investment amounts. Reports must be verified by third-party institutions and made public. In 2023, 386 enterprises published circulation reports, with generally improved disclosure quality.

The Ministry of Environment established an information verification mechanism, using a “double random, one public” approach for spot checks. In 2023, 1,850 enterprises were inspected, with 68 enterprises found falsifying data, resulting in penalties totaling 360 million won. Enterprises with serious issues are blacklisted, restricting their participation in government procurement. Information-dishonest enterprises also face restrictions in financing and land use.

3.4 Economic Incentive Measures

South Korea has constructed a multi-level economic incentive system to guide enterprise circular investment. Regarding tax benefits: enterprises using recycled materials can enjoy up to 30% income tax reduction; circular design certified products are exempt from 10% VAT; circular technology R&D investments can be deducted at 150% before tax. In 2023, enterprises received tax benefits totaling 1.85 trillion won through circular projects.

Government subsidies have increased. In 2023, the South Korean government provided circular economy special subsidies of 2.3 trillion won, a 35% increase from the previous year. Subsidies primarily support: clean production transformation (38%), recycling facility construction (25%), technology R&D innovation (20%), and demonstration project construction (17%). Subsidies use a “build first, compensate later” approach, disbursed in phases after project completion and acceptance.

A differential charging system is implemented. Higher processing fees are charged for hard-to-recycle products, such as composite material packaging charged at 150% rate. Easily recyclable products can enjoy fee reductions, such as single-material packaging receiving 40% reduction. Differential charging has prompted enterprises to improve product design, with composite material usage declining 42% in 2023 compared to 2020.

South Korea established a circular economy development fund to provide low-interest loan support to enterprises. The fund operates on a market-based model, raising capital through green bond issuance and other means. In 2023, the fund size reached 5 trillion won, issuing circular project loans of 2.8 trillion won, with average interest rates 2-3 percentage points lower than commercial loans. The fund primarily supports: circular technology R&D (35%), facility and equipment procurement (30%), industrial demonstration (20%), and business model innovation (15%).

To improve fund utilization efficiency, the fund established a comprehensive project evaluation system. Evaluation indicators include: technological innovation, market prospects, environmental benefits, and employment generation. In 2023, 835 projects were evaluated, with 312 approved for support, achieving an average fund utilization efficiency of 85%. The fund also provides supporting services such as technical consulting, project diagnosis, and talent training to help enterprises enhance circular capabilities.

Local governments also actively implement supporting measures. Seoul City provides factory rental subsidies to circular enterprises, up to 50% of rent for three years. Incheon City offers interest-subsidized loans for circular projects, supporting 86 projects in 2023. Busan City established a circular industry development guidance fund, focusing on cultivating local circular enterprises. Regional support policies have promoted circular industry cluster development, forming healthy competitive patterns.

Market Operation Mechanism

4.1 Recycling Logistics System

South Korea has established an urban-rural integrated recycling logistics network. In urban areas, a three-tier system of “community recycling stations + transfer facilities + treatment centers” is adopted. By 2023, 85,000 standardized recycling stations with intelligent sorting equipment were built nationwide. Rural areas establish recycling service points through townships, with professional vehicle fleets providing regular collection.

Logistics informatization levels continue to improve. South Korea developed a recycling logistics management platform, achieving vehicle scheduling, route optimization, and cargo tracking. Enterprises and residents can check collection times and location points through mobile applications. In 2023, recycling logistics delivery volume reached 8.9 million tons, with an intelligence rate exceeding 65%.

4.2 Recycled Material Trading Platform

South Korea’s recycled material trading market is increasingly mature. KEITI operates a national recycled material trading platform, providing matching services for supply and demand. In 2023, platform registered members exceeded 12,000, with transaction value surpassing 3.5 trillion won. Common recycled materials like waste paper and waste plastics have formed relatively stable pricing mechanisms.

To regulate trading behavior, South Korea established recycled material quality standards and trading rules. Sellers must provide material testing reports ensuring quality standards. Buyers can understand seller credibility through the platform’s evaluation system. The platform provides mediation services for quality disputes.

4.3 Technology Innovation Support

South Korea emphasizes resource circulation technology R&D. National-level circular economy research centers conduct key technology breakthroughs. In 2023, South Korea’s circular technology R&D investment reached 1.8 trillion won, achieving breakthroughs in chemical recycling and automatic sorting. The government promotes industry-academia-research cooperation, supporting SME technology innovation.

Technology promotion and application have shown significant results. South Korea established circular technology demonstration centers providing technology matching services. Leading enterprises are encouraged to transfer advanced technologies to SMEs, promoting industrial upgrading. In 2023, South Korea’s resource circulation-related patent applications exceeded 3,500, with a technology achievement transformation rate of 45%.

4.4 Industry Chain Coordination

Industrial park circular transformation is accelerating. South Korea selected 52 key parks nationwide for pilot projects, promoting material closed-loop circulation between enterprises. Parks establish resource sharing platforms coordinating secondary resources like waste heat and reclaimed water. In 2023, pilot parks achieved raw material savings of 1.56 million tons and waste discharge reduction of 1.25 million tons.

Industry chain cooperation mechanisms continue to improve. South Korea supports enterprises in forming circular industry alliances for joint investment in circular facilities. Upstream and downstream enterprises are encouraged to sign long-term agreements ensuring recycled material supply. In 2023, 86 circular industry alliances were established nationwide, driving investments exceeding 3 trillion won.

Investment Opportunities and Risk Prevention

5.1 Key Investment Areas

South Korea’s resource circulation market has enormous potential. Market scale is expected to exceed 200 trillion won by 2025. Waste electrical appliance recycling treatment, plastic chemical recycling, and construction waste resource utilization show broad development prospects. Emerging markets like intelligent recycling equipment and recycled material modification technology are growing rapidly.

Investment opportunities for foreign enterprises are increasing. South Korea welcomes foreign investment in resource circulation industry development, providing convenience in land use and financing. In 2023, foreign investment in circular projects reached 68 cases totaling 1.5 billion USD. Platforms like the China-Korea Circular Economy Industrial Park support enterprise cooperation.

5.2 Market Entry Conditions

Enterprises must possess appropriate qualifications. Recycling treatment enterprises need Ministry of Environment permits and must be equipped with necessary facilities and professional staff. Recycled material producers must pass quality certification and establish comprehensive management systems. In 2023, South Korea revised entry standards, further raising technical and environmental requirements.

Local operation is important. Enterprises should be familiar with Korean regulations and policies, establishing compliance management systems. Hiring local professional talent and strengthening communication with government departments is essential. Cooperation with Korean enterprises can be considered to quickly enter the market using their channels and experience.

5.3 Compliance Cost Analysis

Initial investment is substantial. Enterprises need to invest in environmental facilities, information systems, and other infrastructure, and train professional talent. Fulfilling producer responsibility also increases operating costs. In 2023, Korean circular enterprises’ per capita fixed asset investment reached 120 million won.

Long-term benefits are significant. Resource circulation can reduce raw material costs and improve resource utilization efficiency. Government subsidies and tax benefits can partially offset investment. Unit processing costs will gradually decrease as scale expands. Enterprises can also gain greater benefits through technological innovation.

5.4 Risk Avoidance Recommendations

Policy risks need attention. As Korean circular policies continuously adjust and improve, enterprises should closely track policy changes. It is recommended to assign dedicated staff for compliance management and conduct regular policy training. Professional institutions can be engaged for consulting services when necessary.

Operational risks must be prevented. Recycled material market prices fluctuate significantly; enterprises should manage inventory well. Strengthen supplier management to ensure stable raw material quality. Emphasize safety and environmental protection to avoid pollution incidents. Purchase relevant insurance at appropriate times to transfer partial risks.

Conclusion

South Korea’s resource circulation system construction experience is worth learning from. Through improving legal systems, innovating management systems, and strengthening policy incentives, rapid development of the resource circulation industry has been promoted. This has not only brought significant environmental benefits but also created enormous economic value. For enterprises planning to enter the Korean market, they should fully understand relevant requirements, manage compliance well, and seize development opportunities. Under the global trend toward circular economy transition, Korea’s practices will provide valuable insights for green development in the Asia-Pacific region.

Publications

Latest News

Our Consultants

Want the Latest Sent to Your Inbox?

Subscribing grants you this, plus free access to our articles and magazines.

Our Vietnam Company:
Enterprise Service Supervision Hotline:
WhatsApp
ZALO

Copyright: © 2024 Asia Pacific Counseling. All Rights Reserved.

Login Or Register